Which of the following is included in the purposes of criminal justice?

Adjudication is a fundamental purpose of the criminal justice system. It refers to the legal process by which a judge, jury, or other legal authority makes a decision regarding a dispute or a criminal case. This process includes the examination of evidence, the application of the law, and the rendering of a verdict. The goal of adjudication is to determine the guilt or innocence of an accused individual, ensuring that justice is served in accordance with legal standards and procedures.

In contrast, traffic management focuses more on regulating the flow of vehicles and ensuring road safety, which, while important, does not directly pertain to the core functions of criminal justice. Public administration involves managing government policies and public sector organizations, which, although related to law enforcement in a broader sense, does not specifically define a primary objective of the criminal justice system. Urban planning is concerned with the development and design of land use and the built environment, and does not fall within the scope of criminal justice purposes. Therefore, adjudication stands out as a key element explicitly tied to the system's function of upholding the law and delivering justice.